In this experiment I will be investigating the efficiency of a motor. I hope to calculate a range of results when the motor lifts varying weights Essays

In this experiment I will be investigating the efficiency of a motor. I hope to calculate a range of results when the motor lifts varying weights Essays In this experiment I will be investigating the efficiency of a motor. I hope to calculate a range of results when the motor lifts varying weights Essay In this experiment I will be investigating the efficiency of a motor. I hope to calculate a range of results when the motor lifts varying weights Essay Safety: In this experiment it is important to consider the safety aspects when carrying out this practical task; I will make sure of the following things before starting the experiment: * The circuit has been connected correctly according to the circuit diagram (Previous page) * Make sure that the connected leads are all working in order and are not tangled * Check that the motor is working correctly * The Power supply is working, and the voltage is not exceeding the limit * Check the circuit before starting and be standing during the experiment * A Mat should be placed on the floor as weights will land on to the ground Keeping the same Changing Current Length of string /Height Temperature Voltage Motor Weight Variables: Theory: Efficiency is often expressed as a percentage. What efficiency shows us is the power wasted in the experiment, not all the power is used efficiently as it is wasted when the power is being transferred. The power source is transferred usefully in the external load, while wasted power is used heating the power supply and surroundings. No motor can work perfectly, due to friction and other small factors. In other words, some energy is always lost and you never get out the energy you put in, this is what is being tested in this experiment therefore we hope to see if the energy is transferred well or not. the equation for efficiency is known as: Efficiency = useful energy (power) output/ total energy (power) input x 100 The main factor that stops efficiency from reaching a maximum is friction as it can not be eliminated it therefore brings the total efficiency down. Resistance can play a big factor in affecting the experiment the more resistance in the circuit the less efficiency. The resistance will slow down the motor. The higher the temperature the more resistance that will be produced as the temperature increase the electrons will vibrate more causing more friction in the motor and making it less efficient. The resistance will stop the current flowing as well and could lead into anomalous results. In this experiment I will be using the following to calculate the efficiency of the motor: WH/ IVT This will show the efficiency of a motor and will allow me present my results using the equation. The equation basically shows work done (WH) and the power input (IVT). Prediction: In this experiment as we increase the weight the motor will have to do more work it will then also take longer for the weights to be lifted, and as it does more work its efficiency will increase as the current and voltage will remain the same. So if you double the weight, the work will double and so should the efficiency because the motor becomes more efficient as it does more work for the power being supplied. If the length of the string is longer the results will be more accurate as it will take longer for the weights to be lifted to the top of the work top. Therefore if the length was increased the results could be more accurate and it would make the overall work of the motor increase. If the voltage was changed with the weights the efficiency would remain the same as the work would be done easier if there was more overall power input. Therefore if the voltage was doubled and the weight was the doubled the efficiency would remain constant. Method: In this practical I am going to change the weight and voltage, as two separate studys. I will do this by planning out how I will conduct the experiment: * Cut string at 1 metres length * I will tie the wire to the winch * Tie base of weights to the end of the string * Clam the motor to the end of the bench * Set up the circuit as shown in the diagram * Check with teacher that it is correct * Start with lowest weight and increase until all ten weights have been used * Time how long each weight takes to reach the top of the bench * Then repeat the experiment twice more * Measure the string to see if any increase in size * Then record results on to a table * Then using those results plot a graph My results table will look similar to the following: The efficiency of the motor W/n I/A V/V T/s IVT WH Efficiency 0.1 1. 2. 3. Average: Sensitivity: Make the string as long as possible, if I double the size it will have twice less the error in recording time. It is important to try and decrease the error in recording the time as this is the biggest error. The error in recording time is +/- 0.5 seconds. This error could be decreased if it was being done using a mechanical device but as I am controlling it myself the human error is large. I will measure the length to the length of the worktop so the length is maximised. Adding each weight gradually, having recordings for each weight 3 times therefore diving the error by three. Voltmeter and Ammeter flickers therefore less accurate. Therefore more likely to obtain anomalous results. Resistance in leads cause possible errors as less accurate measurements of voltage and current. Small weights allow weight to be changed and maximum weight can be lifted and can obtain ten results. Strong string, but light and does not get stretched; check the size of string before and after the experiment, so we can see any extension. Thin, so does not overlap on the rotating winch. Averages of recording will help improve accuracy. Plot a graph to show anomalies on a best fit, should show errors or a pattern. Weights might not be accurate weigh them to see if the weight is exact or not. the scales could also be inaccurate therefore hard to make it certain that there is less chance of error. AS Level Experiment Hermanjit Virk 12WSI Electric Motor Efficiency Coursework Observation and Results Results: The efficiency of the motor W/N I/A V/V t/s IVt WH Efficiency % 0.1 1.29 4.56 1.0.5 2.0.48 3.0.42 Average: 0.47 1.29 x 4.56 x 0.47 = 2.764728 = 2.76 0.1 x 0.9 = 0.09 0.09 / 2.76 = 0.032552931 x 100 = 3.26 0.2 1.29 4.56 1.0.50 2.0.53 3.0.58 Average: 0.54 1.29 x 4.56 x 0.54 = 3.176496 = 3.18 0.2 x 0.9 = 0.18 0.18 / 3.18 = 0.056666213 x 100 = 5.66 0.3 1.29 4.56 1.0.59 2.0.64 3.0.60 Average: 0.61 1.29 x 4.56 x 0.61 = 3.588264 = 3.59 0.3 x 0.9 = 0.27 0.27 / 3.59 = 0.075245299 x 100 = 7.52 0.4 1.29 4.56 1.0.66 2.0.70 3.0.67 Average: 0.68 1.29 x 4.56 x 0.68 = 4.000032 = 4.00 0.4 x 0.9 = 0.36 0.36 / 4.00 = 0.08999928 x 100 = 9.00 0.5 1.29 4.56 1.0.72 2.0.77 3.0.75 Average: 0.75 1.29 x 4.56 x 0.75 = 4.4118 = 4.41 0.5 x 0.9 = 0.45 0.45 / 4.41 = 0.101999184 x 100 =10.20 0.6 1.29 4.56 1.0.87 2.0.79 3.0.82 Average: 0.82 1.29 x 4.56 x 0.82 = 4.823568 = 4.82 0.6 x 0.9 = 0.54 0.54 / 4.82 = 0.1119503239 x 100 = 11.20 0.7 1.29 4.56 1.0.84 2.0.88 3.0.94 Average: 0.89 1.29 x 4.56 x 0.89 = 5.235336 = 5.24 0.7 x 0.9 = 0.63 0.63 / 5.24 = 0.120336116 x 100 = 12.02 0.8 1.29 4.56 1.1.00 2.0.96 3.0.92 Average: 0.96 1.29 x 4.56 x 0.96 = 5.647104 = 5.65 0.8 x 0.9 = 0.72 0.72 / 5.65 = 0.12749898 x 100 = 12.74 0.9 1.29 4.56 1.1.01 2.1.05 3.1.02 Average: 1.03 1.29 x 4.56 x 1.03 = 6.058872 = 6.06 0.9 x 0.9 = 0.81 0.81 / 6.06 = 1.336882509 = 13.37 1.0 1.29 4.56 1.1.06 2.1.09 3.1.11 Average: 1.09 1.29 x 4.56 x 1.09 = 6.411816 = 6.41 1.0 x 0.9 = 0.90 0.90 / 6.41 = 1.403658496 = 14.04 See graphs. AS Level Experiment Hermanjit Virk 12WSI Electric Motor Efficiency Coursework Interpretation and Evaluation Conclusion: As you can see from my results my prediction was correct, as you increase the weight on the motor it will have to do more work. As the voltage and current remained constant the efficiency became higher with the more weights that were placed on to the string to be lifted. Due to fact that the motor had to do more work, the time increased resulting in a positive gradient through my graph. Obviously the time was not as accurate as I would have hoped as the motor picked little weights quickly over short distances. The efficiency for the motor in this experiment was quite low, so not much of the energy put in was used usefully. The highest efficiency reached in my results was when picking up the top weight of 1N, which my calculations showed to have the efficiency of 14.04%, this means that 86.06% was wasted energy; this was probably due to the friction of moving parts in the motor resulting in heat and sound released into the environment. Evaluation: My experiment went reasonably well, I repeated my results three times this increased the amount of accuracy in the experiment, it helped divide error in time by three. I followed my plan making sure of safety and went through my method before conducting the experiment. The biggest error in the experiment as I have previously discussed was time, so it was unlikely that any one could have had results that were perfect. Other errors in my experiment were caused by practical faults, or by a more technical reason. The voltmeter and ammeter persistently changed value in the experiment; therefore we can tell that maybe some resistance was carried in the connecting leads. If I was to test again, I would change the timing technique by using a light gate instrument. To use the light gate instrument I would place the weight at the start when it starts to moving towards the motor it will pass a sensitive sensor that then turn the time of through some kind force mechanism. This could divide the human error by about ten. If I could repeat the test I would test the affect of voltage on the efficiency, and I would use one set number of weights. This test would probably show us a decrease in efficiency as the voltage is increased. AS Level Experiment Hermanjit Virk 12WSI Lens Coursework Plan Aim: In this investigation, I will be changing the factors of object distance and image distance, to find the focal length of a converging lens. Apparatus: Converging Lens (2, plus combination of both) Blue Tack Light Box Lens Stand Power Supply Ruler Screen Tape (Scissors) Diagram: Safety: In this experiment it is important to consider the safety aspects when carrying out this practical task; I will make sure of the following things before starting the experiment: * Equipment correctly setup (Above diagram), avoiding confusion, less chance of accidents. * Make sure that the leads from light box are working in order * The Power supply is working, and the voltage is not exceeding the limit * Check the circuit before starting and be standing during the experiment * Lens should be affixed firmly with blue tack to the Lens stand, no chance of breaking * Light box working and in order, light should be bright and clear * Do not look directly into the bright light, where safety goggles * Work top should be cleared of any objects which are not being used in the experiment * Apparatus should be spread out neatly and spaciously Keeping the same Changing Ruler Position/Measurement Points Object Distance (u) Voltage Image Distance (v) Light Bulb Lens (2 converging lenses, both lenses together for one set of results) Material of lens Variables: Theory: In this experiment we will be using converging lenses, any lens that is fatter at the centre than at its edges will converge. (Below) We can see a parallel beam converging through a point, F known as the principle focus of the lens. The distance from the lens to this point is called the focal length, f, of the lens. The power of a lens, P (the unit for the power of a lens is dioptre, D), can also be measured, which is the reciprocal of the focal length in metres: P = 1/f When a lens converges light, it carries with it an image of the source object correct in every detail. This can then be projected on to a screen, this is a real image. To get the clearest image the object distance (u), and image distance (v), must be exactly proportional to the focal length (f), (Previous diagram). The equation connecting the distance of an object from the lens and the distance for its image is: 1/f = 1/u + 1/v The focal length of converging lenses are positive, therefore the images produced are of real objects and images not virtual which can be produced by diverging lenses. Material of the lenses is a factor in this experiment but as I will be using glass it is important to know what effect this has on the lens and image. The material of the lens will not be changing. Glass is a clear transparent material and that is one of the reasons it is being used. Glass is harder than plastic therefore it does not scratch easily and it can then help produce a clear image. The material does not easily deform therefore the focal point can remain constant. Glass is good at transmitting light; it absorbs very little. The problem however is that glass reflects a proportion of the light. It reflects about 10% of the light this can be reduced by adding a anti-reflection coating to the lens. This increases the transmission of light up to 99% making the image brighter. Prediction: The fatter in the middle, out of the two lenses that I decide to use, the smaller the focal length. Therefore if one of the lenses is twice as fat in the middle compared to the other. Its focal length will be twice as short, because it will refract light at a doubly greater angle. Therefore I will be able to have a larger range of results with a fatter lens as image will appear earlier and take longer to fully deform. Therefore when both lenses are combined the focal length will obviously be smaller than that of both lenses in proportion. When I increase the size of the object distance (u, to then obtain a clearer picture I will probably have to decrease the size of v by a proportional amount if I would like to attain a clear picture. Therefore if I double the distance of object distance (u), I will have to therefore decrease the image distance by a proportional extent, to acquire a fine focus of the image. Therefore as I increase the length of both object distance (u) and the image distance (v), the picture will gradually become more distorted until it is no longer a real image. It is important that both the lenses are the same material if I want to obtain a good set of results. Both lenses should be transparent and have minimal scratches to prevent image being unclear. The lens must also be hard so it does not easily get affected in any form during the experiment, so there is less chance of the results being anomalous. Both lenses should not be deformed in shape or any other way, as this could affect the focal point from remaining constant. Method: In this practical I am going to change the object distance (u) and the image distance (v), to two different converging lenses. I will do this by planning out how I will conduct the experiment: * Clear the work top * Setup the power supply and connect the ray box * Blue Tack the metre rule to the work top, making sure it is secure * Set the lens stand in front of the ray box * Setup the screen in front of the lens stand * Calculate the focal length of the lens, by using parallel light from a window * Blue Tack the lens into the lens stand making sure it is secure * Switch on the power supply and gradually maximise the voltage * Stick tape on to side of ray box, lens and screen from were I will measure from and to * Using a setsquare measure the middle of the lens and check that all equipment is set out parallel, avoiding errors in measurements * Vary distance of object distance(u) and image distance (v) until I get a large range of well spaced results, I will repeat my readings so that I can obtain an average * Increase the lengths of both object distance(u) and image distance (v) until there is no longer a real image, increasing the length by 0.5 2.0 cm each time * Record my results in a table, It should be clear and informative, it should state any units * Plot my results onto a graph * The table will have ten results for both lenses, and the combination of both lenses, having a column for object distance (u), image distance (v), and the calculation of focal length (f), using the equation: 1/f = 1/u + 1/v My results table will look similar to the following: Lens (Focal length (cm), measured using parallel light) Object Distance/ u (cm) [1/u] Image Distance/ v (cm) [1/v] Focal Length (cm) 1/f = 1/u + 1/v 1 () Average: 2 () Average: 1;2 Combined () Average: Sensitivity: In this experiment it is important that I am aware of errors; I can decrease the amount of inaccuracies by checking the sensitivity of my practical when measuring and recording: To measure the lengths of object distance (u) and image distance (v), I will be using a metre rule and slowly increasing the lengths of both. The error in reading from a metre ruler in each reading is +/-0.5mm therefore the error in accuracy is +/-1mm. The error of a metre rule can be overcome and decreased by using a vernier callipers which would help divide the error by ten times, the error being +/-0.1mm. If more accuracy was needed a micrometer could be used which in fact is ten times more accurate then a vernier. It will also be important to make sure that the ruler is straight as well as any other equipment when measuring, and not at an angle. This could cause an error in the distance being measured. To overcome this I may use a setsquare to line up the equipment. With a ruler I might decide to place, it directly parallel to the end of the bench, and blue tack it firmly down. I could also use the setsquare to measure the middle of the lens so it is clear to see where I am measuring from. I will take a range of ten readings and make an average of three results for each reading therefore improving my results dividing the error by three. This then gives more accurate table of results. Errors could also happen if the lenses are scratched, if one is scratched more than the other it will therefore transmit less light and cause errors in my results. That is why it will be important to pick lenses that are similar in shape and only different in size. AS Level Experiment Hermanjit Virk 12WSI Lens Coursework Observation and Results Results: Lens (Focal length (cm), measured using parallel light) Object Distance/ u (cm) [1/u] Image Distance/ v (cm) [1/v] Focal Length (cm) 1/f = 1/u + 1/v Significant figures 1 (15.5) 19.2 [0.052083333] 26.0 [0.038461538] 32.9 [0.030395136] 39.7 [0.025188916] 46.6 [0.021459227] 53.4 [0.019026591] 60.3 [0.017083747] 67.1 [0.015003129] 74.0 [0.014013513] 80.8 [0.012376237] 80.8 [0.012376237] 38.5 [0.026074025] 29.4 [0.034013605] 25.5 [0.039215686] 23.3 [0.043018454] 21.9 [0.046062100] 20.9 [0.048046889] 20.2 [0.050004950] 19.6 [0.051020408] 19.2 [0.052083333] 15.513600230345936220 15.520380190718594327 15.530842990782881473 15.530840768304103486 15.533333671960007382 15.530677584360272210 15.520566955136062917 15.530002568715020987 15.500726658232962476 15.513600230345936220 Average:15.52 cm 2 (13.5) 16.1 [0.062111801] 23.6 [0.042372881] 31.2 [0.032051282] 38.7 [0.026039793] 46.2 [0.022045021] 53.8 [0.019087360] 61.3 [0.016313213] 68.8 [0.015034883] 76.4 [0.013089005] 83.9 [0.012018951] 83.9 [0.012018951] 31.6 [0.032045569] 23.8 [0.042016806] 20.8 [0.048076923] 19.1 [0.052356020] 18.0 [0.056055555] 17.3 [0.058003468] 16.8 [0.060023809] 16.4 [0.061075609] 16.1 [0.062111801] 13.510900068339168026 13.510145105713507916 13.501091050169946334 13.530739561427485496 13.513323413923325754 13.490465390320841850 13.492239351624501372 13.50280396526581916913.510900068339168026 Average: 13.51 cm 1;2 Combined (7.5) 08.2 [0.122051219] 17.5 [0.057142857] 26.8 [0.037313432] 36.1 [0.028000831] 45.4 [0.022026431] 54.6 [0.018315018] 63.9 [0.016049452] 73.2 [0.014061202] 82.5 [0.012121212] 91.8 [0.011093246] 91.8 [0.011093246] 13.1 [0.076335877] 10.4 [0.096153846] 09.5 [0.105263157] 09.0 [0.111111111] 08.7 [0.115042528] 08.5 [0.118047058] 08.4 [0.119047619] 08.3 [0.120481927] 08.2 [0.122051219] 7.5306000396403418087 7.4918301217930340874 7.4924731738366612976 7.5208333853524309154 7.5110294585429555249 7.5042654620099337564 7.5020718847027577841 7.5452941309003114420 7.5412996067913595922 7.5306000396403418087 Average: 7.52 cm See graphs. AS Level Experiment Hermanjit Virk 12WSI Lens Coursework Interpretation and Evaluation Conclusion: As we can see from my results the fatter in the middle, out of the two lenses that I decided to use, the smaller the focal length. This is because the lens refracts light at a greater angle. Therefore I will have a large range of results with a fatter lens as image will appeared earlier and took longer to fully deform. Therefore when both lenses were combined the focal length was being smaller than that of both lenses in proportion, as I had earlier predicted. When I increased the size of the object distance (u), to obtain a clear picture, I had to decrease the size of v by a proportional amount. Therefore when I increased the length of both object distance (u) and the image distance (v), the picture gradually became more distorted until it was no longer a real image. It was important that both the lenses were the same material as I wanted to obtain a good set of results. Both lenses were transparent and had minimal scratches to prevent image being unclear. The lens was also hard so it did not easily get affected in any form during the experiment, so there was less chance of the results being anomalous. Both lenses were not deformed in shape or any other way, the glass material was not deformed so it did not affect the focal point from remaining constant. Evaluation: I could have done the experiment differently by measuring the distances more accurately, for example the focal length as then I could have see how accurate my results were. To have done this I might have used a vernier calliper, which could have helped divided errors by ten times. I could have also have improved my experiment by checking the measuring points more carefully and this would have made the difference in accuracy. Using a setsquare to measure the middle of the lens was not as accurate as I would have hoped as the stand was where I eventually measured from because the ruler was in a fixed position. I also had anomalies as combining lenses probably was not that accurate as the glass was still separate from each other and maybe the results were inaccurate due to this. It was hard to choose the position to measure the light from as it was hard to be accurate in choosing where the light started as the bulb was covered from the sides as it was in a ray box. In think if I was to do this experiment over I would use a larger range in the lenses as it would have given me a better range of results, and when combining the lenses using something to hold them tight. I would have also spent more time in using a different measurements if the lenses could have produced a larger range of results.

Private SAT Testing Sites and Testing Closer to Home

Private SAT Testing Sites and Testing Closer to Home SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you trying to register for the SAT but can't find any testing centers close to where you live? What should you do? College Board, the corporation that develops and administers the SAT, offers a way for students to take the SAT at a location closer to them, called â€Å"testing closer to home.†Read on to learn more about this special accommodation, its benefits and drawbacks, and how to apply for it. What Is Private SAT Testing and Testing Closer to Home? Testing closer to home is a special accommodation offered by the College Board for students taking the SAT or SAT subject tests.It’s available for students who do not live close to an official SAT testing center. This accommodation is oftenused by international students because SAT testing centers are not as numerous in countries outside the US. However, American students living in rural areas or those living in a region affected by a natural disaster may not have an SAT testing center nearby and may also need to request testing closer to home. In order to request testing closer to home, yousubmit a request to the College Board, and if it is approved, the College Board will attempt to open a testing center closer to where you live.Your new testing center will be assigned to you; you do not get to choose where you’d like to take the SAT. This testing center will still have a proctor and follow the rules of regular SAT testing. If you need and are eligible for other special accommodations, such as extended time to complete the exam, you will have to visit the College Board’s Service for Students with Disabilities site to separatelyrequest additional accommodations. Your test will still be taken on one of the official SAT test days; testing closer to home does not allow you to change the date of your exam.The College Board will attempt to have multiple students take the test together, but there is a possibility that will you take the SAT alone, with just a proctor. Who Is Eligible for Testing Closer to Home? Students who live more than 75 miles (120 kilometers) from the nearest testing center are eligible to request that College Board try to open a new testing site near them. This accommodation is also available for test takers outside the US, however; it is not available in India or Pakistan. For students taking the test outside of the US, testing closer to home is only available for test dates from November to March (not the October or June test dates).Testing closer to home is not available for students registering late, either in the US or abroad. If there aren't any test centers near you, you may need to apply for testing closer to home How Do You Apply for Testing Closer to Home? If you meet the eligibility requirements and are interested in applying for testing closer to home, the first step is to fill out the paper registration form for the SAT. When you need to enter the code for your testing center on the registration form, fill in 02000 for the first choice, and leave the second choice blank.You also must attach a letter describing your situation and why you are requesting a closer testing center. This letter doesn’t need to be lengthy, just state where you are, where your closest testing center is, how far it is from you, and why it would be difficult or impossible for you to travel there to take the SAT. Then state that you’d like to be able to take the test at a location closer to where you live. Next,mail in the registration form and the letter to the mailing address listed on the registration form instructions.These documents must be mailed early!If you are taking the test in the US, the letter must be mailed by the postmark deadline date for regular registration, which occurs about a month before the test date. If you are taking the test in an international location, then the letter must be mailed early enough so that it will be received by the early registration deadline date.The early registration deadline is about five weeks before the test date, so you will want to mail your letter about two months before your desired SAT test date. Within several weeks, the College Board will notify you of whether or not your request has been approved.If approved, you will be mailed an Admission Ticket showing your test center assignment several weeks before you take the SAT. What Are the Benefits of Testing Closer to Home? Why would a student want to apply for testing closer to home? There are several benefits: Closer Testing Center This is obviously the biggest advantage. Applying to take the SAT closer to where you live can make it much easier to take the test or even make it possible for students who wouldn’t normally be able to get to a testing center because of the distance. Your Availabilityto Take the SAT may Increase If your closest regular testing center is far away, there may only be a certain testing date when you can travel there. This date may not coordinate well with your schedule, it may be too early for you to have done enough studying, or it may be too late to send the scores to some colleges.Having a testing center closer to you may give you more options for when to take the SAT. Keep in mind though that, even with testing closer to home, you will still only be able to take the SAT on official testing daysand that, for international students, this accommodation is only available from November to March. Can Reduce Anxiety Having a testing center closer to where you live can also reduce some of the stress and anxiety surrounding the SAT. You will likely be more familiar with the area where you will be taking the test and can worry less about traveling. Knowing where your test center is can help you be more confident for the SAT. Image Source: clipartzebraz What Are Potential Downsides to Testing Closer to Home? You Must Apply Early You will need to know when you’d like to take the SAT at least 1-2 months before the testing date in order to submit your request on time. Therefore, testing closer to home isn’t a good option for students trying to take the SAT on short notice. More Paperwork In order to apply for testing closer to home, you must submit the paper registrationform through the mail; you cannot submit the form online. You must also write a letter to the College Board explaining why you need a testing center closer to where you live. Applying for testing closer to home will take more time than registering for the SAT at an already designated testing center because filling out a paper version of the registration form often takes more time than filling it out online, and you must also write a letter explaining your situation and why you qualify for testing closer to home. Delayed Response Most of the time, when you register for the SAT, you will know pretty much immediately if you will be able to take the test on a certain date and where you will be taking it.When you apply for testing closer to home, you will have to wait several weeks to hear back from the College Board to learn if they accepted your request and, if so, where your testing center will be. This delay can be stressful, and it can also make planning other parts of your schedule difficult until you receive confirmation from the College Board. May Not Make Traveling to the Test Center Easier If they approve your request, the College Board will choose where your new testing center will be. This location will be closer to you, but that does not automatically mean it will be easier to get to. Even if it’s closer, your new testing center may be in an area without public transportation, suffer from bad traffic, or have other transportation difficulties.Closer does not automatically mean easier to get to! So, Should You Apply for Testing Closer to Home? As you now know, there are both positive and negative benefits to applying for the College Board’s testing closer to home accommodation. So how do you know if it’s right for you? Ask yourself the following questions to help you decide: Do You Meet the Eligibility Requirements? The first step in determining whether you should apply for testing closer to home is to make sure you are eligible.Is your closest testing center more than 75 miles/120 kilometers from where you live? Are you living in a country other than India or Pakistan? If taking the test internationally, are you applying for a test date between November and March? If you meet all these requirements, read on to help make your decision. Do You Have Enough Time to Apply? If taking the test in the United States, you will need to apply at least a month before the date you’d like to take the SAT.If taking the test abroad, you will need to apply at least two months in advance. Before you start applying for testing closer to home, make sure your request will arrive by the deadline. Do you have enough time to request testing closer to home? How Difficult Will It Be to Get to YourCurrent Test Center? This is the most important consideration.The testing closer to home accommodation requires additional time and effort to apply, and you want to make sure this extra work is worth it.Find where you closest current testing center would beand ask yourself: How far is this testing center from me? Do I know how to get there or know someone who does? Would I be able to get there on test day? How? Is carpooling an option? (Maybe you have a friend taking the SAT who can drive you) If you’re not sure how difficult it would be for you to get to the current closest test center, you can have a practice run where you pick a day to travel there and see how difficult and time-consuming it would be. How Do You Feel About Taking the Test With Fewer Students? There is no guarantee as to how many people you will take the SAT with if you apply for and are approved for testing closer to home. However, it will likely be fewer than if you were taking the test at a standard testing center, and there is also a chance that you will be the only test taker in the room. Some people think this is a benefit because they find the noises others make, like rustling papers or scuffing their feet, distracting.Others may feel uncomfortable or pressured if they are the only person in the room with a proctor for several hours.Consider how you would feel about this before applying. Final Decision If after analyzing your current options you feel that you either cannot travel to the closest testing center or getting there would require a lot of extra time, effort, or stress, and you meet the eligibility requirements, then you should apply for testing closer to home Summary Testing closer to home is a special accommodation offered by the College Board for SAT test takers who do not live close to an already established test center. It is available for people who live more than 75 miles/120 kilometers from a test center. Both domestic and international test takers can apply, but it is not available in India or Pakistan. You should apply for this accommodation if traveling to the current closest testing center is impossible or would require a great deal of time and effort. For more information and to apply, go to the College Board’s website on testing closer to home What's Next? Do you have other questions about registering for the SAT? Read our complete guide to SAT registration, with pictures. Make sure you know what to expect on test day, including how long the SAT takes and rules you must follow. Wondering about other SAT accommodations? Find all the information you need to know about them in our guide! Studying for the SAT? Check out our ultimate guide to SAT prep for all the information you need to get a great SAT score. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

The West Side Story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The West Side Story - Essay Example But for everything to be alright, there was a very high price to pay, and that is Tony’s death. The West Side Story was a musical that borrowed the concept of Romeo and Juliet. It had the same plot line. There were lovers who wanted to be together despite their differences. They succeeded only to fail in living together since they died together. Of course the stories wouldn’t be that much similar or else it won’t be successful anymore. The West Side Story was a story of two rival gangs, same as Romeo and Juliet’s two rival families. It was set in Manhattan, New York. During the time the story was finalized, gang violence was rampant. It was very timely and it intrigued the public because it had a relevant social issue. The West Side Story was not just a tragedy because of the dark mood and depressing final act that it had. It was also a story about how triumph can have a very high price. In this case, it was death. With Tony’s death, the rival gangs joined together realizing what hate and anger can do to them. When Maria declared that â€Å"all of (them) killed him, not with bullets or guns, but with hate. (And now she) can kill too because now (she) has hate,† it made them realize the alarming situation of how every one of them can die because of their hatred towards each other. And this hatred is not even something that has enough bearing. They were just fighting because they had different racial backgrounds. They have different beliefs and perspectives. The hatred was passed on from one generation to another. When Anita tried to send Tony a message, she was almost raped by the Tony’s group. She was treated with disrespect and because of this, she sent out a distorted message. Instead of warning them that Chino is looking to kill Tony with a gun, she blurted out that Maria was killed by Chino in a fit of jealousy and rage. And this caused Tony to seek out Chino and his death. Anita was touched by hatred because of what was done to her. Something that could have been prevented if only she was treated with respect. But as Tony felt that it will be alright in the end, it did become alright. When the members of both gangs joined together to carry Tony’s body, it symbolizes intersecting of racial differences to repent and have peace with each other. This plot line is still powerful even up to these times. This is a story about racial differences. It tells us what biases and prejudice can do to us. It is still a significant social issue until today. It is still a challenge for some people to accept another race as part of a group or a team. Gangs are street groups. They are created to protect their territories, places where they grew up, places where they are comfortable with. Of course, as any other person, if your personal space is threatened, you fight for you. This is the same for gangs. They fight for their space. They believe that only one group can stay in one place. But because p eople cannot compromise and because hatred is set so deep in their hearts, people die. The characters in the story signify the different personas that are involved in street gangs. There are the leaders, their successors, the followers and their women. The women are not muses of the gangs. They are not direct members of the gang. They are only associated with the gang members by blood or by relationship. They may be a sister, cousin or girlfriend. But even if they are not members of the gang, they still get involved in whatever conflicts there are between the gangs. Since they are associated with the members by blood or relationship, it is believed that their loyalty will be with their own. As Chino said to Maria when her brother was killed by Tony, she should â€Å"stick with (her) own kind.† That was the thought process of someone whose racial belief is

Western Blot and its Applications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Western Blot and its Applications - Essay Example Western blot analysis can detect your protein of interest from a mixture of a great number of proteins. It can give you information about the size of your protein (with comparison to a size marker or ladder in kDa), and also give you information on protein expression (with comparison to a control such as untreated sample or another cell type or tissue). It can analyze any protein sample whether from cells or tissues, but also can analyze recombinant proteins synthesized in vitro.Western blot is dependent on the quality of antibody you use to probe for your protein of interest, and how specific it is for this protein. In western blotting, proteins are electrophoresed in polyacrylamide gel, transferred onto a nitrocellulose or nylon membrane, and the protein bands are detected by their specific interaction with antibodies, lectins or some other compounds. First step involves the separation of tissue. Then proteins are separated by gel electrophoresis from sample. If you are going to western blot for protein mass you can lyse in larger volumes If you are going to western blot a phospho-protein use phosphatase inhibitors. It will remove the phosphates from your proteins. If you are looking at protein-protein interactions use a less-stringent detergent such RIPA. By far the most common type of gel electrophoresis employs polyacrylamide gels and buffers loaded with Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS). SDS PAGE allows separation of proteins by their molecular weight. Steps involved in obtaining protein for western blot. The protein bands are transferred onto a nitrocellulose or nylon membrane; initially this was achieved by a capillary movement of buffer but now a days it is usually done by electrophoresis (electrophoretic blotting). The electrophoretic blotting, both of proteins and nucleic acids are much faster and more efficient than capillary blotting. One thing to be aware of is that proteins bind better to nitrocellulose at a low pH. You may need to go through some trial-and-error to find the optimal pH. You also need to be sure there are no air bubbles between the nitrocellulose and the gel or your proteins will not transfer. The specific protein bands are identified in a variety of ways. 1. Antibodies are the most commonly used probes for detecting specific antigens. 2. Lectins are used as probes for the identification of glycoproteins. These probes may themselves be radioactive or a radioactive molecule may be tagged to them. Often the identification process is based on a 'Sandwich' reaction. In such an approach, a species specific second antibody or protein A of Staphylococcus aureus or streptavidin is used to bind to the antibodies bound to the protein bands. These second molecules may be labelled with radioactive, enzyme or fluorescent tags, Steps in conducting a western blot. a single preparation of these labelled molecules can be employed as a general detector for various probes. Applications in different fields The conformity HIV test uses a HIV western blot to detect anti- HIV. The HIV Western blot consists of a thin nitrocellulose strip in which are embedded proteins claimed to be unique to HIV. Each protein is labelled with a 'p' followed by its molecular weight in thousands. Serum is added to the strip and if there are antibodies to a particular protein this band will 'light up'. The HIV Western blot is not standardised. Lyme disease testing also uses Western blotting. The IgG Western Blot is a sandwich-type immunoassay performed in a manner that allows visualization of the patient's antibodies. It is a qualitative test and is generally more sensitive and specific than the ELISA. A positive IgG result with clinical history may be indicative of

Science and God Essay -- essays research papers

"In the beginning, when God created the heavens and the earth†¦" (Genesis 1:1), the words that start it all if you are a Catholic. Children are brought up to believe that God took seven days out of his schedule to create the earth and all that is in and on it from a "formless wasteland" (Genesis 1:2). He gave man his shape and the keys to paradise and life rolls on from there. They know history of man through the Bible, and if it is not in the Bible, it did not happen. Die hard followers the Bible know little outside of the Good Book and thusly show their Those who took on the ideals of the enlightenment or raised with little to no theological beliefs have questioned the existence of God and the Bible. They have chosen to have the power of science be their creator and savior. No mythical oracles, no prophets, just the theories of motion, space, and relativity to guide them in their lives, and the gap has never been filled. To them, all of the questions can b e answered with one answer: E=MC2. Since the first questions of the validity of the Bible arose with people like Aristotle, Plato, and Moses Maimonides. In fact, Maimonides said, "conflicts between science and the Bible arise from either from a lack of scientific knowledge or a defective understanding of the Bible," (Schroeder, 1997). What he means is that science cannot answer everything with science or the Bible; there must be some happy medium where the two can play off each other. The belief in religion and the understanding of science do not have to conflict and contradict each other; they can work together in helping people fully understand the universe, the world, life and death, and most importantly themselves. The universe that surrounds us had no origin in the Bible, it is just there and only the creation of the earth is discussed. Scientists have calculated the power of the big bang to be 10120 in strength. "If the energy of the big bang were different by one part of 10120 there would be no life anywhere in the universe. The universe is tuned for life from its inception," (Schroeder, 1997). This statement is relaying messages of the two schools of thought at once. The religion translation of this statement is that something that precise could only have been made by some divine creator. The Scientific translation is none at al... ...old as the birth one, but still does not give an answer to the afterlife. Death as seen as the body simply shutting down the heart, brain, and other vital organs stop functioning, thus having no energy left to operate and live. It does not tell where you go when you die if you go anywhere at all. God intentionally keeps that a secret from mortal men so that fear and obedience can be instilled. Science cannot explain the afterlife with a theory or a rule that has to follow an equation or variable. It is just out of the field of study for science. People of the past have ascribed either to a scientific answer or to a theological belief to answer the questions they have. People pray to God for a cure to their disease, others visit a doctor or pharmacist. Nowadays people have become more liberal with their beliefs and where they look for answers. Priests go to the drugstore and scientists have been attending Sunday mass. The blending of the religions does not close doors and minds; it opens the mind to new interpretations of science and the Bible just the same. Harmony is being found, and questions that are more personal are being answered. It is truly something everyone can agree on.

Asian Adolescents Career Insights Education Essay

This essay pertains to Asiatic striplings ‘ calling development ; specifically it pointed out issues and challenges among striplings draw a bead oning to complete a college grade. Social constructivism and Emic attacks were taken into consideration as lenses to amplify civilization specific issues of calling development and instruction among Asiatic striplings. A qualitative method was used by the writer to capture the lived calling development and instruction experiences of striplings. A modified consensual qualitative method was employed to analyse the narrations of 10 Filipinos, 10 Chinese-Filipinos and 10 Korean Adolescents enrolled in a University. A questionnaire was used to explain subjects as guided by the models of Super ( 1963 ) and Savickas ( 2005 ) . The survey cited civilization, household influence, values, perceived success and function theoretical accounts as of import factors in taking course/ plan and developing calling programs in the hereafter. Adolescents are expected to make up one's mind what class to take after their secondary schooling. Career determination devising is a important undertaking among striplings as it is become portion of their personal accommodation and self-identity. A Career is like a perennial dream, it is ever in advancement, until eventually this dream becomes so graphic and existent. It is nice to detect how kids function drama and so someday witness as they become a professor of a well-known university or watch a kid drama with rocks and so see the same kid go an applied scientist of high-rise edifices. Parents are eager to see their kids as successful persons, while instructors are really much fulfilled to see them boom in their chosen professions. In western states, calling instruction plans are introduced even in station primary and secondary degrees. In fact, Wood in 1990 prepared calling plans for 9th graders which composed of completion of calling studies, reading, and calling research for future involvements, and planning. 10th graders on the other manus learn about life planning, and larn household influences, parental engagement, every bit good as life timelines. 11th graders take pre-college trials such as the SAT ( scholastic aptitude trials ) to find farther educational and calling ends. Students are besides exposed to personality and values appraisal, and do firsthand observations of work and parttime occupations to acquire acquainted with their hereafter calling programs. Unfortunately, in the Philippines, one time consequences of the SATs are released to the pupils, there is no single reading of the consequences and some schools even mishandled the informations by flashing the tonss on immense tarpaulins as if the pupils had topped a board test. I have observed that educational and selling offices of most colleges and universities in the Philippines apportion financess to advance their plans and establishments. Senior high schools pupils attended calling seminars prepared by their school counsellors. Speakers are alumni/ae of their schools who normally speak of their college experiences, success, and adversities. Marketing forces, admittance officers are sent to every secondary schools to advance their plans. Students are bombarded with alive media presentations, colourful booklets, and a smattering of application signifiers, freebees are even given. Despite these enthusiastic attempts on the portion of these colleges and universities, high school pupils are impressed but still non good educated. Harmonizing to Salazar-Clemena ( 2002 ) career-related instruction jobs among Filipino striplings remains mostly unchanged since assorted calling related plans both in the educational and industrial establishments were implemented, jobs which are categorized as sociological ( unwise pick of class ) , psychological ( low dignity ) , and general ( deficiency of abilities and accomplishments ) . The job lies with excessively much commerce of the plan. This essay will non concentrate on the thought of positive and negative positions on educational entrepreneurship, but instead magnifying colleges and universities ‘ faulty debut of college instruction to pupils. San Diego ‘s survey mentioned that alternatively of lending to the calling indecisivenesss of the pupils, we should look into factors on how we should understand and assist our high school alumnuss clarify their ends and come up with a probationary personal calling program. In the said survey, he mentioned that we can assist a adolescent by placing certain cardinal factors that contributes to their experiences of calling determination devising. San Diego studied pupils enrolled in his personality effectiveness 2 categories. He distributed questionnaires to a group of Filipinos, Chinese-Filipinos, and Korean pupils. The questionnaire contain 30 inquiry and points that trades with grounds what made the respondents chose their class, the nature of their course/program, the stairss they took in make up one's minding what class to take, the influence of important others, and other factors that affects their experiences in determination devising. There were 10 Filipinos, 10 Chinese-Filipinos, and 10 Korean pupils returned questionnaires quickly. Each respondent was chosen based on their blood line and race, and age bracket, which is from 18 to 21 old ages old ; all respondents were full clip pupils in a university.What class to take?San Diego analyzed the subjects that emerged from the calling narrations of Asiatic striplings. The consequences showed that the primary ground why they enrolled in a course/program is fundamentally t heir sensed command of a certain accomplishments, their academic ego efficaciousness and professional function related involvements. A female Korean pupil enrolled in BS educational psychological science plan mentioned that â€Å" the class is more on research and guidance accomplishments † and that since childhood she has dispositions to assisting her friends and being fact-finding makes her like the research portion of the plan. A Filipino pupil enrolled in BS Electronics and Communications Engineering wrote in his paper that â€Å" basking mathematics and his involvement in electronics and doing both theory and application be integrated to plan a complex appliance † is truly a delectation for him. Germeijs and De Boeck ( 2003 ) suggested that pupils should hold adequate information about the options and results of their calling picks to forestall calling indecisivenesss.On parents ‘ adviceSan Diego identified that Asiatic striplings respected their parents as authorization figure and ever seek advice from household members about calling information. It shows the Asiatic collectivized influence even in taking what course/program to take in college. This behaviour is perceived as negative in Western states and could be a mark of dependence ( Mau, 2000 ) . A female Korean pupil enrolled in an instruction class acknowledges that parents influenced them what plan to take. It was besides how their parents show concern and to avoid experience of work troubles in the hereafter. In the Chinese-Filipino households an stripling should demo obeisance to cultivate close household ties. In state of affairs where the stripling needs to take what to inscribe, a Chinese-Filipina pupil mentioned that â€Å" I asked my parents and elder siblings for advice and I besides consider what calling chances my class could take me after collegeaˆÂ ¦ I am trusting to acquire a high place in our household concern † . In instances where an stripling does n on like the option given by their parents they ended with taking what they think is good for them. â€Å" My parents would hold wanted me to take a different courseaˆÂ ¦ . I deal with my parents ‘ outlooks by making good in category and demo them my high classs and seek non to neglect in any topic. My parents believed that I could non do it to that class that I have chosen but one manner or the other I will turn out them incorrect † by a Chinese-Filipino pupil taking legal direction and shortly wants to purse a jurisprudence grade. San Diego noted that among groups, Filipino pupils identified their parents as collaborative and giving them adequate freedom to take what class they want. Based on the narrations, Filipino parents are perceived as less important compared to Chinese-Filipino parents. A Filipino pupil taking Industrial Management Engineering is grateful â€Å" before. I was greatly open for my hereafter, I did n't cognize what the right class is for me, my male parent is a civil applied scientist, and he helped me in researching and garnering calling information and weighed my options†¦ † San Diego explained that parents are of import every bit good as critical factor in supplying support, and information to striplings in passage, such as in happening and taking career/program. Harmonizing to Schultheisset ( 2001 ) that positive parental behaviours promotes stripling ‘s positive attitude towards calling development. Parents who are promoting and assisting in the procedure of placing their stripling ‘s calling picks promote motive for calling readying ( Phillips, 2002 ) .Bing self-critical and why non?San Diego compared subjects emerged among three groups and identified those Chinese-Filipino respondents as more self-critical as compared to Filipino and Korean student-respondents. Although San Diego noted that across groups all have narrations of self-criticisms. This construct of self-criticism is linked with their ain subjective sense of readiness after college graduation and their willingness to be readily immersed in the work life. Kitayama, Markus, Matsumoto, and Norasakkunkit ( 1997 ) argued that Asians who critically evaluate themselves may hold positive societal and psychological effects and this could be rooted from the Asian collectivized civilization. While in the survey of Mau ( 2000 ) collectivized civilization may suppress the development of person ‘s sense of self-efficacy. San Diego looks into the narrations of Chinese-Filipino and fo und several self- unfavorable judgment subjects. Students who seem to hold low self-esteem tend to hold narrations of self-criticisms as good, that lead to self-loathing. A Chinese-Filipino pupil remarked that â€Å" The job is the impulse non to analyze and merely rotter, and do n't hold the feel to larn more than what is required of me † â€Å" I am non ready to take full duties and do determinations for myselfaˆÂ ¦ I still necessitate more clip † .Fantasy to specificsSan Diego noted subjects from the narrations such as calling phantasy turning into calling particulars. In fact, this subject explained the striplings ‘ pre-crystallization stage of calling development as pointed out by Super. Advertising major mentioned â€Å" My childhood dreams was influenced by the playthings that I played and from the films that I watched. I was amazed with pilots. As of now my calling dreams was influenced by my professor, Doc. Nards, who is a successful advertizer and worked with the top advertizers in our state † . Play activities and related involvements, and media ( Television, Radio, and Print ) are noted by San Diego as preliminary activities where teens may research their calling options. It is in the formal college instruction where striplings derive exposure and reflect on their future calling aspirations. It is apparent where most respondents made reference that a professor, a high school instructor, a professional, or even a parent influenced them to prosecute a more professional image. Lent, Brown, and Hackett ( 1996 ) clarified that striplings ‘ calling individuality is a procedure whereby an single learns from detecting behaviours from important function theoretical accounts, non merely that, because Super ( 1980 ) gave importance to the societal procedures involved in calling development.The manner to successIn the survey, San Diego noted how respondents gave intending to career success. Each group of adolescents provid ed their ain positions of what it means to derive calling success. San Diego carefully analyzed success significance among respondents. It was noted that success was instilled by their parents as an accomplishment from difficult work and doggedness and giving importance to calling. It was apparent by how respondents identified their success intending units: â€Å" A successful individual has an undeniable work moralss and unquestionable occupation enthusiasm † â€Å" I admire a successful individual ‘s positive head the most. I think it is traveling to be helpful both in my calling and my personal life because it eases the manner I see the universe † â€Å" They are really good in catching opportunities, being non afraid that they might neglect † . Success as noted by San Diego was injected from external factors but is assimilated by Asiatic striplings while working with their calling ends. Mau ( 2000 ) explained that Asiatic pupils may impute success to t heir best attempts as compared to American pupils who gives overemphasis to their endowments and accomplishments.Valuess instilledSan Diego besides looked into how the collectivized civilization may impact their rules at work. Since the respondents are all at the in-between stage of their surveies prior to graduation, an point was used to place what specific work values and factors might actuate them in the hereafter. Comparing subjects across groups, San Diego noted that Chinese-Filipino respondents give much accent to occupation position, fiscal additions, and household issues. A Chinese-Filipina wrote in her paper â€Å" I think that my household merely believes that whatever calling or class we choose it must take to high fiscal compensation and a calling where we wo n't merely go employees but employers † . Filipino respondents on the other manus differs to some extent because it was noted that respondents would value work environment, occupation stableness, developing p assion, unity at work, and smooth interpersonal relationships. A Filipino pupil taking accounting mentioned that â€Å" I value most is self-fulfillment I would acquire in come ining that calling. For me, self-realization is the most indispensable thing a individual can hold. Money is non that important, but more of workplace, colleagues, and your unity at work † . Korean respondents value work accomplishment, high success rate, and household as primary focal point in the hereafter. The consequence gained by San Diego in Chinese-Filipino respondents was similar to what Leong ( 1991 ) mentioned that Asiatic American pupils placed greater accent on external factors such as fiscal additions, occupation position, prestigiousness and occupation security values than their Caucasic opposite numbers. Overall, the survey of San Diego shed visible radiation into some factors to see in helping Asiatic striplings ‘ calling determination devising. Several cardinal stakeholders may work efficaciously to reply the calling demands of graduating high school pupils. For illustration, admittance office and calling reding office of an educational establishment may originate plans to break pass on their class plans giving accent to what class plan can offer. It means lucubrating on accomplishments, end products, information and cognition that can be acquired and what one needs to be proficient of. In add-on to this, a college or university should assist parents by giving them a calling information session about what their striplings are taking up, the primary occupations they most likely to take after graduation, and the capableness of the plan to be used in a assortment of scenes. Likewise, Salazar-Clemena ( 1997 ) suggested an alternate theoretical account of calling reding based on h ousehold values and perceptual experiences ( false thoughts and outlooks about economic sciences position, and calling determination doing ) therefore taking to household calling guidance. There is ever a tendency that if a college pupil bead, or switch to another class they will pick a class which do non suits to their abilities, involvements, demands, outlooks, and efficaciousness. Others wait till they graduate and pursue a different profession of their pick. A university calling reding plan may desire to escalate their educational calling intercessions non merely by giving pupils Job Expo but by really managing instances of pupil ‘s calling indecisivenesss from the really start pupil applies in the admittances office. Deal with root jobs ( e.g. self unfavorable judgment, low academic ego efficaciousness, low ego regard, parent desiring another class for the pupil, acculturational emphasis ) instead than superficial factors of calling indecisivenesss in every shifting instance. On a personal degree, calling counsellors may concentrate their attending on calling resiliency every bit early as possible. Waterman, Waterman and Collard ( 1996 ) described career resiliency as an person ‘s ability to place personal strengths and failings, the capableness to be value-driven, demo enthusiasm for farther acquisition, going future-oriented, ability to acquire good with others every bit good as going flexible. This can be done through a duologue between counsellors and educational decision makers to inculcate calling planning and development across topics taken. Different grounds might emerge why adolescent possibly may non be able to accomplish their calling ends. In assorted career-related studies, a job was pointed out by Salazar-Clemena ( 2002 ) that due to poorness and deficiency of fiscal agencies, parents opted to direct their striplings to low-quality colleges and universities and finished early so that they can assist in household disbursals and in assisting their siblings to complete schooling. In San Diego ‘s survey, International pupils such as Koreans, Indonesians, Taiwanese and Chinese pupils was sent to nearby Asiatic states such as the Philippines due to economic crises. Parents of international pupils choose to avail of cheaper instruction regardless of distance, civilization and emphasis. In this respect, this should non be used as come-ons among shady educational establishments to advance their plans. In world a batch of these fast ones are pretentious and most are merely assuring a good hereafter for student-applica nts. A responsible educational establishment should and must be honorable and will non do concern out of instruction. Their chief duty is to go cardinal facilitators to prospective pupils towards the fulfilment of their personal and professional ends and in the future allow them harvest their dreams as it become their most cherish world.

Roman Leaders at the End of the Republic Marius

Roman Republican Wars | Timeline of the Roman Republic | Marius Timeline Full Name: Gaius MariusDates: c.157–January 13, 86 B.C.Birthplace: Arpinum, in LatiumOccupation: Military leader, Statesman Neither from the city of Rome, nor a pedigreed patrician, Arpinum-born Marius still managed to be elected consul a record-breaking seven times, marry into the family of Julius Caesar, and reform the army. [See Table of Roman Consuls.] Marius name is also inextricably linked with Sulla and the wars, both civil and international, at the end of the Roman Republican period. Origins and Early Career of Marius Marius was a novus homo a new man -- one without a senator among his ancestors. His family (from Arpinum [See map section aC in Latium], the rustic birthplace shared with Cicero) may have been peasants or they may have been equestrian, but they were clients of the old, rich, and patrician Metellus family. To improve his circumstances, Gaius Marius joined the military. He served well in Spain under Scipio Aemilianus. Then, with the help of his patron, Caecilius Metellus, and the support of the plebs, Marius became tribune in 119. As tribune, Marius proposed a bill that effectively limited the influence of aristocrats on elections. In passing the bill, he temporarily alienated the Metelli. As a consequence, he failed in his bids to become aedile, although he did (barely) manage to become praetor. Marius and the Family of Julius Caesar In order to increase his prestige, Marius arranged to marry into an old, but impoverished patrician family, the Julii Caesares. He married Julia, aunt of Gaius Julius Caesar, probably in 110, since his son was born in 109/08. Marius as Military Legate Legates were men appointed by Rome as envoys, but they were used by generals as seconds-in-command. The legate Marius, second in command to Metellus, so ingratiated himself with the troops that they wrote to Rome to recommend Marius as consul, claiming he would quickly end the conflict with Jugurtha. Marius Runs for Consul Against the wishes of his patron, Metellus (who may have feared replacement), Marius ran for consul, winning for the first time in 107 B.C., and then realizing his patrons fears by replacing Metellus as head of the army. To honor his service, Numidicus was added to Marius name in 109 as the  conqueror of Numidia. Since Marius needed more troops to defeat Jugurtha, he instituted new policies that were to change the complexion of the army. Instead of requiring a minimum property qualification of his soldiers, Marius recruited poor soldiers who would require a grant of property of him and the senate upon ending their service. Since the Senate would oppose distribution of these grants, Marius would need (and did receive) the troops support. Capturing Jugurtha was harder than Marius had thought, but he won, thanks to a man who would soon cause him endless trouble. Marius quaestor, the patrician Lucius Cornelius Sulla, induced Bocchus, Jugurthas father-in-law, to betray the Numidian. Since Marius was in command, he received the honor of the victory, but Sulla maintained that he deserved the credit. Marius returned to Rome with Jugurtha at the head of a victory procession at the beginning of 104. Jugurtha was then killed in prison. Marius Runs for Consul, Again In 105, while in Africa, Marius was elected to a second term as consul. Election-in-absentia was contrary to Roman tradition. From 104 to 100 he was repeatedly elected consul because only as consul would he be in command of the military. Rome needed Marius to defend its borders from Germanic, Cimbri, Teutoni, Ambrones, and Swiss Tigurini tribes, following the death of 80,000 Romans at the Arausio River in 105 BC. In 102-101, Marius defeated them at Aquae Sextiae and, with Quintus Catulus, on the Campi Raudii. Marius Downward Slide Timeline of Events in Gaius Marius Life Agrarian Laws and Saturninus Riot To ensure a 6th term as consul, in 100 B.C., Marius bribed the voters and made an alliance with tribune Saturninus who had passed a series of agrarian laws which provided land for veteran soldiers from Marius armies. Saturninus and the senators had come into conflict because of the agrarian laws provision that the senators must take an oath to uphold it, within 5 days of the passage of the law. Some honest senators, like Metellus (now, Numidicus), refused to take the oath and left Rome. When Saturninus was returned as tribune in 100 with his colleague, a spurious member of the Gracchi, Marius had him arrested for reasons we dont know, but possibly to ingratiate himself with the senators. If that was the reason, it failed. Furthermore, Saturninus supporters freed him. Saturninus supported his associate C. Servilius Glaucia in the consular elections for 99 by being involved in the murder of the other candidates. Glaucia and Saturninus were supported by the rural plebs, but not by the urban. While the pair and their adherents seized the Capitol, Marius persuaded the senate to pass an emergency decree to prevent the senate from being harmed. The urban plebs were given arms, Saturninus supporters were removed, and the water pipes were cut -- to make a hot day intolerable. When Saturninus and Glaucia surrendered, Marius assured them they would not be harmed. We cant say for sure that Marius meant them any harm, but Saturninus, Glaucia, and their followers were killed by the mob. After the Social War Marius Seeks the Mithridates Command In Italy, poverty, taxation, and discontent led to the rebellion known as the Social War in which Marius played an unappreciated role. The allies (socii, hence Social War) won their citizenship at the end of the Social War (91-88 B.C.), but by being put into, perhaps, 8 new tribes, their votes wouldnt count for much. They wanted to be distributed among the 35 pre-existing ones. In 88 B.C., P. Sulpicius Rufus, tribune of the plebs, favored giving the allies what they wanted and enlisted Marius support, with the understanding that Marius would get his Asian command (against Mithridates of Pontus). Sulla returned to Rome to oppose Sulpicius Rufus bill about the  distribution of the new citizens among the pre-existing tribes. With his consular colleague, Q. Pompeius Rufus, Sulla officially declared business suspended. Sulpicius, with armed supporters, declared the suspension illegal. A riot broke out during which Q. Pompeius Rufus son was murdered and Sulla fled to Marius house. After striking some sort of deal, Sulla fled to his army in Campania (where they had fought during the Social War). Sulla had already been given what Marius wanted -- command of the forces against Mithridates, but Sulpicius Rufus had a law passed to create a special election to put Marius in charge. Similar measures had been taken before. Sulla told his troops that they would lose out if Marius were put in charge, and so, when envoys from Rome came to tell them of a change in leadership, Sullas soldiers stoned the envoys. Sulla then led his army against Rome. The senate tried to order Sullas troops to stop, but the soldiers, again, threw stones. When Sullas opponents fled, he seized the city. Sulla then declared Sulpicius Rufus, Marius, and others enemies of the state. Sulpicius Rufus was killed, but Marius and his son fled. In 87, Lucius Cornelius Cinna became consul. When he tried to register the new citizens (acquired at the end of the Social War) in all 35 tribes, rioting broke out. Cinna was driven from the city. He went to Campania where he took over Sullas legion. He led his troops towards Rome, recruiting more along the way. Meanwhile, Marius gained military control of Africa. Marius and his army landed in Etruria (north of Rome), raised more troops from among his veterans and went on to capture Ostia. Cinna joined forces with Marius; together they marched on Rome. When Cinna took the city, he revoked Sullas law against Marius and the other exiles. Marius then took revenge. Fourteen prominent senators were killed. This was a slaughter by their standards. Cinna and Marius were both (re-)elected consuls for 86, but a few days after taking office, Marius died. L. Valerius Flaccus took his place. Primary SourcePlutarchs Life of Marius Jugurtha | Marius Resources | Branches of Roman Government | Consuls | Marius Quiz Roman History - The Era of the Roman Republic Go to other Ancient / Classical History pages on Roman men beginning with the letters: A-G | H-M | N-R | S-Z